Monday, September 15, 2008

Arian - who are they?

Today I got an urge to figure out my roots. I am by caste Arian, atleast thats what I have been told!
Here is what I found;

The Arain are an agricultural settled mainly in the Punjab, with significant numbers also in the Sindh. They are chiefly associated with farming (market gardening), traditionally being small landowners or zamindars.

Origin

The Arain are 100% Muslim, a proportion much greater than the other agricultural castes of the Punjab (the Jats, Gujjars and Rajputs, which are 53%, 55%, and 31% Muslim, respectively). The belief that the Arain are descendants of Arab migrants to the Indian subcontinent, while not contradicted by the data, is nevertheless viewed by some as a desire for claiming an unbroken practice of Islam through the ages, for the sake of current prestige rather than accurate genealogical designation. There is a strong claim that the first Arain arrived in Sindh with Muhammad bin Qasim's expedition. Local indigenous ancestry is claimed from other tribes of the Punjab such as the Surajbansi Rajput, or from Persia, and the majority of Muslim agricultural tribes are certainly converts to Islam.

A study by the Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences on blood types of the major ethnicities in the Punjab showed that O is the most common blood group (among all ethnicities), except among the Arain where B is most common, the difference being statistically significant. Whilst not proof of non-local ancestry, it does illustrate a difference between the Arain and the other castes inhabiting the Punjab. More research would be needed to determine in greater detail the caste's migratory provenance.There are four or five main rankings (not sub-castes) which refer to the wealth held by the Arain namely Mian,Malik, Chaudary, and Mehar or Mahar. The rankings among Arain are not birthrights (such as those among other castes) and one can freely ascend/descend according to changes in personal wealth. Many gotras, or sub-clans, of the Arains bear names that indicate soldiering as an occupation. For example: Ghalar, Gahgeer and Goheer (ferocious horse of armoured corps), Gatku (fencer), Kavali (soldier patrolling while others rest), Basroo (observation post), Bahman (brave, uncontrollable or insurmountable), Bhaila (alms-keeper who walks with the commander when he is giving away alms after a victory), Daulay (those who got land in return for military services), Khatora (spy), Ramay (archers), Rattay (bloody, red, ferocious fighters), Ramday (red -eyed soldiers), Labanay (an army column equipped with batons), Jatalay (victors), Qutub Shahi: (soldiers or their offspring who accompanied Qutubuddin Aibak), Sappal (marksmen), Bahalwan (driver of a chariot), Mudh (logisticians supplying logistics and reinforcement to the army), Teerandaz (archers), Katarband (users of katar, a weapon used by ancient armies) and Bhutto (dwellers of high places).

Languages

They tend to speak different languages, basically Punjabi,Pothohari,Seraiki and Sindhi, depending on their place of residence.

The Arain during the British Raj

The Arain land holders should not be confused with the more gentrified zamindars such as the feudal Rajput landlords of vast holdings. Polo, partridge shoots and tea parties were therefore not associated attributes. Neither were the more negative and profligate practises such as "...dancing girls, drunken evenings listening to poetry, or numerous marriages...". When the British wanted land developed in the Punjab after its annexation, Arain were brought in to cultivate lands around the cities, forming irrigated colonies. The Arain were so favoured for their "hard nisation resulted in the value of the land settled by Arain to rise significantly, and Arain families thus flourished. Education was prioritised with the new found wealth and the Arain came to dominate the legal profession amongst urban Punjabi Muslims. Many used law to enter politics.

The Arain were classified as a "non-martial race" by the British, a classification deemed arbitrary and based on prejudices prevalent at the time.

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